Combination 322 from Wada's dictionary · tone on tone, dense

Colour palette: Spectrum Red, Brick Red, Blue Violet and Eupatorium Purple.

One of the 348 combinations Sanzō Wada set down in 1933, with roles assigned, contrast checked and advice for using it.

From Wada's dictionary, 1933

Wada combination 322

Its colours, with the book's names: Spectrum Red · Brick Red · Blue Violet · Eupatorium Purple. The values are the book's; the roles and advice are ours.

The plate, as printed

4 colours in equal parts, as in the book. It is the inspiration, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 1.7:1: does not read.

On screen, the text #2e211c on the background #fef1ff gives 14.2:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 96: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #e01406 stands 4.5:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.7:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #fef1ff on 60% of the screen, #d750f7 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #e01406 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    No pair on the plate read as text (the best gave 1.7:1). That is why body text goes in #2e211c, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue: it is not in the book, and it is needed.

  • The button

    The accent #e01406 stands 4.5:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #faf5fb.

  • Temperature

    Warm and cool together: let one lead and the other point. Here the background #d750f7 leads, and the accent #e01406 is the first thing the eye will look for.

  • How many

    Four colours demand discipline: #d750f7 and #a32100 are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

  • In the dictionary

    In the dictionary it sits among the tone-on-tone sets: colours from one family. Hierarchy comes from light, not hue, so order elements from lightest to darkest. It is one of the dense ones: loaded colours that need plenty of air around them; less is more.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The palette crosses both sides of the circle, active and passive. It carries the most tension and most needs one of the two to lead.

  • Surface · violet

    Goethe puts it bluntly: a large surface of pure violet would be intolerable. It holds up here because the screen adaptation has taken the chroma down. On the plate, at full saturation, it would not. § 790

  • Accent and Heading · orange

    Orange in a small patch is the accent that needs no explaining: it advances, it is seen, and it does not need size to do it. § 775

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Same sector

    Both fall in the same sector of the circle. There is no hue contrast, so whatever separates them will have to be lightness. § 832

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

  • Characteristic

    Orange and violet, with red skipped. It excites because it hints at pure red without ever showing it. § 822

  • Characteristic

    Orange and violet, with red skipped. It excites because it hints at pure red without ever showing it. § 822

  • Characteristic

    Orange and violet, with red skipped. It excites because it hints at pure red without ever showing it. § 822

  • Characteristic

    Orange and violet, with red skipped. It excites because it hints at pure red without ever showing it. § 822

  • Same sector

    Both fall in the same sector of the circle. There is no hue contrast, so whatever separates them will have to be lightness. § 832

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

What is happening to this palette
  • 4 colours at full strength and almost the same lightness. Motley is not having many colours: it is having them all talk at once with nothing deciding the order. § 898

  • There is nowhere for the eye to rest: no neutral, no muted colour, no green. The whole palette asks for attention at once. § 802

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#f6f6f6
  • 100#ebebeb
  • 200#d7d7d7
  • 300#fdaa94
  • 400#fd7e60
  • 500#fc4326
  • 600#e01406
  • 700#b10902
  • 800#820e02
  • 900#551001

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f8f6f5
  • 100#eeeae9
  • 200#dcd6d4
  • 300#c5bcba
  • 400#aba19e
  • 500#928683
  • 600#786d6a
  • 700#5f5553
  • 800#463e3c
  • 900#2e2927

Button states

  • Normal#e01406
  • Hover#c20100
  • Pressed#9f0f04
  • Disabled#d0ada4
  • Focus#e01607

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#0b7f21
  • Warning#a28a0d
  • Error#c93625
  • Info#0470ba

And in dark

The same colour, at night.

The background isn't pure black: it carries a little of your hue. That's what separates a designed dark mode from one that looks like a fault.

A button

Take it with you

/* Wada combination 322 — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #fef1ff;
  --superficie: #d750f7;
  --texto: #2e211c;
  --tinta: #2e211c;
  --texto-suave: #735f58;
  --titular: #a32100;
  --acento: #e01406;
  --acento-texto: #faf5fb;
  --enlace: #dd0d03;
  --borde: #ddcce0;
  --apoyo-1: #4733ff;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #f20000;
  --lamina-2: #a32100;
  --lamina-3: #4733ff;
  --lamina-4: #bf36e0;

  --acento-50: #f6f6f6;
  --acento-100: #ebebeb;
  --acento-200: #d7d7d7;
  --acento-300: #fdaa94;
  --acento-400: #fd7e60;
  --acento-500: #fc4326;
  --acento-600: #e01406;
  --acento-700: #b10902;
  --acento-800: #820e02;
  --acento-900: #551001;
  --neutro-50: #f8f6f5;
  --neutro-100: #eeeae9;
  --neutro-200: #dcd6d4;
  --neutro-300: #c5bcba;
  --neutro-400: #aba19e;
  --neutro-500: #928683;
  --neutro-600: #786d6a;
  --neutro-700: #5f5553;
  --neutro-800: #463e3c;
  --neutro-900: #2e2927;

  --boton: #e01406;
  --boton-encima: #c20100;
  --boton-pulsado: #9f0f04;
  --boton-apagado: #d0ada4;
  --foco: #e01607;

  --exito: #0b7f21;
  --aviso: #a28a0d;
  --error: #c93625;
  --info: #0470ba;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #2d1e1a;
    --superficie: #3d2924;
    --borde: #59413b;
    --texto: #f8ebe8;
    --tinta: #f8ebe8;
    --texto-suave: #bcadaa;
    --acento: #fd6444;
    --acento-texto: #2e201d;
  }
}
Open the card →Post on LinkedIn →

From plate to screen

Six rules that are not ours.

Wada designed for ink, cloth and pigment. A screen emits light, is read for minutes at a time and has a law. These are the rules colour for interfaces is built with, and the ones we adapt each plate with; none of them is ours, so each one carries its owner.

  1. Distribute 60 · 30 · 10

    One colour dominates, another accompanies and the third only points. In the book they sit in equal parts because that is how you compare them; on screen, equalising them is noise. Itten measured it in 1961: complementaries balance in areas inverse to their strength.

    Source: the 60-30-10 rule in interfaces (Hype4 Academy) and Itten's contrast of extension

  2. The background rests

    The background lives at one end of the lightness scale, very light or very dark, with little colour. Neither pure white nor pure black: tinted with the palette's hue, which is what separates a designed interface from an assembled one.

    Source: Refactoring UI, “Building your color palette”

  3. The book's colour lives on the surface

    Cards, bands and headers are the 30%: that is where Wada's colour shows at full size without carrying a paragraph. Material separates a colour from its role, “surface” and “on-surface”, so the hue can change without touching the interface.

    Source: Material Design 3, colour roles

  4. Paragraphs don't go in colour

    Long text goes in a near-black (or near-white) tinted with the palette's hue, at 7:1. The book's colours enter through headings, where size forgives. GOV.UK writes in #0b0c0c, not #000.

    Source: GOV.UK Design System and Refactoring UI

  5. The accent earns the button

    The most saturated colour goes only on what gets clicked, and is held to what the law asks of a component: 3:1 against the background (WCAG 1.4.11). As a word, 4.5:1 (1.4.3): a button and a link are not the same thing, and Radix gives them two different steps of its scale.

    Source: WCAG 2.2, criteria 1.4.3 and 1.4.11, and Radix Colors

  6. Move the lightness, not the hue

    Every adjustment is a change of lightness in a perceptual space (Lab, OKLCH): the hue stays put. In HSL, darkening a blue turns it violet and lightening it turns it lilac.

    Source: Evil Martians, “OKLCH in CSS: why we moved from RGB and HSL”

The colours

What each one is.

They share a colour

Other dictionary combinations with these colours.

The other colours

This combination also lives under a colour.

Where they come from

We read the book.

And something Wada already warned about back then: the plate is not the application. His samples sit on equal surfaces only so they can be compared. On a website the background leads, the text reads and the accent points, and a colour loses strength the more surface it covers. That is why every palette comes with its roles and some advice, not four equal squares.

Combinations based on Sanzō Wada's system (Haishoku Sōkan, 1933-34; Seigensha selection, 2010). Colour values are checked against that edition; the Spanish names, each combination's character and the explanations are ours.

If it is for your brand, this is what we do: custom websites that start with colour and end in code.