Bluenze · Colour sample book

Dictionary · 331 of 348Palettes

Combination 331 from Wada's dictionary · tone on tone, dense

Colour palette: Indian Lake, Dull Violet Black, Light Mauve and Violet.

One of the 348 combinations Sanzō Wada set down in 1933, with roles assigned, contrast checked and advice for using it.

Haishoku Sōkan · 1933

The plate, as printedWada · 331

4 colours in equal parts, as in the book. It is the inspiration, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Combination 331 · the plate, in four leaves

I · The colours, one by oneWada · 331

What each one is.

The hex codes come from the book's CMYK run through the FOGRA39 press profile. Under each colour we also list the hex other websites use, which comes from a direct formula and oversaturates.

  1. Indian Lake

    Fucsia violáceo

    CMYK 12 · 89 · 35 · 9

    Elsewhere: #cc1a97

    Wada uses it in 2 combinations.

    Five palettes from this colour →

  2. Dull Violet Black

    Azul noche

    CMYK 100 · 90 · 38 · 50

    Elsewhere: #06004f

    Wada uses it in 8 combinations.

    Five palettes from this colour →

  3. Light Mauve

    Malva violáceo

    CMYK 43 · 62 · 5 · 0

    Elsewhere: #9161f2

    Wada uses it in 7 combinations.

    Five palettes from this colour →

  4. Violet

    Violeta puro

    CMYK 85 · 90 · 18 · 0

    Elsewhere: #2619d1

    Wada uses it in 12 combinations.

    Five palettes from this colour →
Plate · MixesThree parts to one

The four colours, mixed two by two

  • 3 parts indian lake1 part dull violet black
  • 3 parts dull violet black1 part light mauve
  • 3 parts light mauve1 part violet
  • 3 parts violet1 part indian lake
  • 3 parts indian lake1 part light mauve
  • 3 parts dull violet black1 part violet
  • 3 parts light mauve1 part indian lake
  • 3 parts violet1 part dull violet black
  • 3 parts indian lake1 part violet
  • 3 parts dull violet black1 part indian lake
  • 3 parts light mauve1 part dull violet black
  • 3 parts violet1 part light mauve

This is where the in-betweens the plate doesn’t carry come from: borders, card backgrounds, disabled states. The mix is done in OKLab, which is closer to mixing paint than to averaging numbers. Click the result to copy it.

On screen · the split60 · 30 · 10

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

  • 60% BackgroundWhere the eye rests: most of the screen. The plate's #1a2142, darkened.
  • 30% SurfaceCards, bands, headers. This is where the book's colour lives. The plate's #1a2142, lightened.
  • 10% AccentOnly what gets clicked. From the plate, as is (#c73463).

The roles the plate doesn’t carry

Measured, before and after

  1. On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 4.1:1: only good for large text.Falls short
  2. On screen, the text #f2ecf3 on the background #20212c gives 13.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.Passes
  3. The accent #c73463 stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.7:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).Passes
  4. Under protanopia, your accent and your background drop to 2.3:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.Falls short
Out in the worldAdapted

This is the plate with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

Adapted: the background rests, the surface keeps the plate’s colour and the accent earns the button.

How to use it

  1. ProportionDistribute, don't equalise: #20212c on 60% of the screen, #282e50 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #c73463 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.
  2. TextNo pair on the plate read as text (the best gave 4.1:1). That is why body text goes in #f2ecf3, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue: it is not in the book, and it is needed.
  3. The buttonThe accent #c73463 stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f6f6fe.
  4. TemperatureWarm and cool together: let one lead and the other point. Here the background #282e50 leads, and the accent #c73463 is the first thing the eye will look for.
  5. How manyFour colours demand discipline: #282e50 and #f2ecf3 are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.
  6. In the dictionaryIn the dictionary it sits among the tone-on-tone sets: colours from one family. Hierarchy comes from light, not hue, so order elements from lightest to darkest. It is one of the dense ones: loaded colours that need plenty of air around them; less is more.
The kit · ramps and statesFor the design system

The kit

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Click any swatch to copy it.

The accent’s tints

The neutrals, tinted with the accent

Button states and alerts

The kit · night and code331

The same plate, by day

The same colour, by day.

The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

A button

Take it with you

/* Wada combination 331 — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #20212c;
  --superficie: #282e50;
  --texto: #f2ecf3;
  --tinta: #f2ecf3;
  --texto-suave: #b6aeb7;
  --titular: #ad7cb5;
  --acento: #c73463;
  --acento-texto: #f6f6fe;
  --enlace: #ec5881;
  --borde: #454654;
  --apoyo-1: #4e377d;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #c73463;
  --lamina-2: #1a2142;
  --lamina-3: #a272aa;
  --lamina-4: #4e377d;

  --acento-50: #f6f6f6;
  --acento-100: #ffe5e9;
  --acento-200: #fecad3;
  --acento-300: #fea5b7;
  --acento-400: #fa7a99;
  --acento-500: #e8547e;
  --acento-600: #c73463;
  --acento-700: #a2244e;
  --acento-800: #7b1639;
  --acento-900: #570724;
  --neutro-50: #f8f6f6;
  --neutro-100: #eeeaeb;
  --neutro-200: #dcd6d7;
  --neutro-300: #c5bcbd;
  --neutro-400: #aba0a2;
  --neutro-500: #928688;
  --neutro-600: #786d6e;
  --neutro-700: #5f5556;
  --neutro-800: #463e3f;
  --neutro-900: #2e2829;

  --boton: #c73463;
  --boton-encima: #dc4974;
  --boton-pulsado: #ec6387;
  --boton-apagado: #493538;
  --foco: #d61161;

  --exito: #63bf61;
  --aviso: #d1b43f;
  --error: #ff8a72;
  --info: #6baeff;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #fff2f4;
    --superficie: #fde2e6;
    --borde: #e9cacf;
    --texto: #2f2022;
    --tinta: #2f2022;
    --texto-suave: #735e61;
    --acento: #c73463;
    --acento-texto: #fff4f5;
  }
}
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Goethe’s readingWhat it conveys

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The palette crosses both sides of the circle, active and passive. It carries the most tension and most needs one of the two to lead.

  • Surface · blue

    Blue recedes: it draws the eye inward rather than coming out to meet it. It holds a large surface without fighting whatever sits on top. § 781

  • Accent · red

    Red is the high point of the active side. In a small patch it does exactly what an accent is for: stopping the eye once. § 793

  • Heading · violet

    The violet that would be intolerable as a background works in a border or a button. Same colour, different dose: this is a rule about surface, not about hue. § 790

What is happening to this palette

  1. #c73463 and #a272aa are neighbours on the circle and only 8 points of lightness apart. This is the failure Goethe describes without naming it: well-chosen colours placed at the wrong value. They vibrate, and neither can be read on top of the other. § 899

How each pair readsZur Farbenlehre · 1810

How each pair reads on the circle

  • Characteristic #c73463 · #1a2142

    Blue and red, with violet skipped. It approaches the effect of the violet their mixture would produce. § 821

  • Adjacent #c73463 · #a272aa

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • Adjacent #c73463 · #4e377d

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • Adjacent #1a2142 · #a272aa

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • Adjacent #1a2142 · #4e377d

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • Same sector #a272aa · #4e377d

    Both fall in the same sector of the circle. There is no hue contrast, so whatever separates them will have to be lightness. § 832

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The card1200 × 630

The card, as it gets shared

Colour palette Indian Lake, Dull Violet Black, Light Mauve and Violet, with its hex codes
This palette’s card: it’s what shows when you share it.
Shared colours8 from the book

They share a colour

Other dictionary combinations with these colours.

This combination also lives under a colour.

All the dictionary combinations →Go to the tool →
Chapter 3From plate to screen

Chapter 3

From plate to screen: six rules that are not ours

Wada worked with ink. You work with light.

Wada designed for ink, cloth and pigment. A screen emits light, is read for minutes at a time and has a law. These are the rules colour for interfaces is built with, and the ones we adapt each plate with; none of them is ours, so each one carries its owner.

  1. Johannes Itten · Hype4 Academy (opens in a new tab)

    Distribute 60 · 30 · 10

  2. Refactoring UI (opens in a new tab)

    The background rests

  3. Material 3 · colour roles (opens in a new tab)

    The book's colour lives on the surface

  4. GOV.UK Design System (opens in a new tab)

    Paragraphs don't go in colour

  5. WCAG 2.2 · 1.4.3 and 1.4.11 (opens in a new tab)

    The accent earns the button

  6. Evil Martians · OKLCH in CSS (opens in a new tab)

    Move the lightness, not the hue

Plate III · The six, drawnWith Wada combination 331
In the book · equal partsOn screen · 60 · 30 · 10
One colour dominates, another accompanies and the third only points. In the book they sit in equal parts because that is how you compare them; on screen, equalising them is noise. Itten measured it in 1961: complementaries balance in areas inverse to their strength.
text herebackground here
The background lives at one end of the lightness scale, very light or very dark, with little colour. Neither pure white nor pure black: tinted with the palette's hue, which is what separates a designed interface from an assembled one.
Surface · 30%
Cards, bands and headers are the 30%: that is where Wada's colour shows at full size without carrying a paragraph. Material separates a colour from its role, “surface” and “on-surface”, so the hue can change without touching the interface.
A whole paragraph in the book's colour tires you out by the third line.Accent on background · 3.1:1In the tinted ink it reads without a second thought.Text on background · 13.7:1
Long text goes in a near-black (or near-white) tinted with the palette's hue, at 7:1. The book's colours enter through headings, where size forgives. GOV.UK writes in #0b0c0c, not #000.
Book a slotAccent / background · 3.1:1Good for a button
The most saturated colour goes only on what gets clicked, and is held to what the law asks of a component: 3:1 against the background (WCAG 1.4.11). As a word, 4.5:1 (1.4.3): a button and a link are not the same thing, and Radix gives them two different steps of its scale.
Lab · the hue stays putHSL · the hue drifts 8°
Every adjustment is a change of lightness in a perceptual space (Lab, OKLCH): the hue stays put. In HSL, darkening a blue turns it violet and lightening it turns it lilac.

Colophon

Colour is where it starts, not the whole job

If it is for your brand, this is what we do: custom websites that start with colour and end in code.

And something Wada already warned about back then: the plate is not the application. His samples sit on equal surfaces only so they can be compared. On a website the background leads, the text reads and the accent points, and a colour loses strength the more surface it covers. That is why every palette comes with its roles and some advice, not four equal squares.

Combinations based on Sanzō Wada's system (Haishoku Sōkan, 1933-34; Seigensha selection, 2010). Colour values are checked against that edition; the Spanish names, each combination's character and the explanations are ours.

Custom web design →And your current site? See if they can find you →