Palettes by colour

Colours that go with black

On screen, pure black is rarely the answer. On paper, it nearly always is. Worth knowing which one you're in.

What goes with black

A brand's black is usually not #000. A black with a touch of blue reads cold and technical; with a touch of brown, warm and editorial; with a touch of green, mineral. That nuance isn't seen consciously and it changes the whole impression, especially across most of a screen.

Every colour goes with black, so the decision isn't what, it's how much. A black ground with one saturated accent is the hardest palette to ruin. If you add a second colour, make it a light neutral for text — a bone, a cream — not pure white, which vibrates on black and tires.

The classic dark-mode mistake is taking the light palette and darkening the background. It doesn't work: on black, colours read more saturated and lighter than they are, so the accent needs lifting and a touch of load taken out. And the text should be bone rather than white: 92 lightness instead of 100 shows in the eyes after ten minutes.

Five to start with

Five palettes with black, each with a reason.

Two come from Wada's dictionary and three from named harmony rules. Each arrives with the roles assigned — which colour is the background, which the text, which the button — painted at page size and with the contrast measured. If you want your exact hue, change it in the tool.

From Wada's dictionary, 1933

Wada combination 144

It contains a colour very close to yours (Black) and has been in use for almost a century. The original colours are called Rosolanc Purple · Orange · Black.

The plate, as printed

3 colours in equal parts, as in the book. It is the inspiration, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 6.5:1: AA, it reads.

On screen, the text #f8ebe7 on the background #222222 gives 13.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #bf2ab6 stands 3.2:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.6:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

Under Protanopia, your accent and your background drop to 2.7:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #222222 on 60% of the screen, #000000 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #bf2ab6 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #f8ebe7, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #ff5200, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #bf2ab6 stands 3.2:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f6f6f6.

  • Temperature

    All warm: close and unified, but to make something stand out don't rely on colour, rely on light: the important thing darker or lighter than its surroundings.

  • How many

    Three colours is the comfortable measure: background, text and one accent. Don't add a fourth unless it earns its place by contrast or by hue.

  • In the dictionary

    In the dictionary it sits among the tone-on-tone sets: colours from one family. Hierarchy comes from light, not hue, so order elements from lightest to darkest. It is one of the mixed-light ones: it already brings hierarchy. Keep it on screen: lightest at the back, darkest in front.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The palette crosses both sides of the circle, active and passive. It carries the most tension and most needs one of the two to lead.

  • Accent · violet

    The violet that would be intolerable as a background works in a border or a button. Same colour, different dose: this is a rule about surface, not about hue. § 790

  • Heading · orange

    Orange in a small patch is the accent that needs no explaining: it advances, it is seen, and it does not need size to do it. § 775

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Characteristic

    Orange and violet, with red skipped. It excites because it hints at pure red without ever showing it. § 822

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the passive side loses. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the active side gains energy. § 831

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#fff3fd
  • 100#ffe3fa
  • 200#fec6f6
  • 300#fc9ef1
  • 400#ef75e4
  • 500#dc4bd2
  • 600#bf2ab6
  • 700#9a1792
  • 800#75096f
  • 900#50034c

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f7f6f7
  • 100#edeaec
  • 200#dad6d9
  • 300#c2bcc1
  • 400#a8a1a7
  • 500#8f868d
  • 600#756d74
  • 700#5c555b
  • 800#443e43
  • 900#2d292c

Button states

  • Normal#bf2ab6
  • Hover#d442c9
  • Pressed#e55cda
  • Disabled#483646
  • Focus#c708bf

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#4ec251
  • Warning#d3b41c
  • Error#fd8b74
  • Info#6baefe

And in light

The same colour, by day.

The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

A button

Take it with you

/* Wada combination 144 — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #222222;
  --superficie: #000000;
  --texto: #f8ebe7;
  --tinta: #f8ebe7;
  --texto-suave: #bfada6;
  --titular: #ff5200;
  --acento: #bf2ab6;
  --acento-texto: #f6f6f6;
  --enlace: #dc4cd2;
  --borde: #474747;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #b319ab;
  --lamina-2: #ff5200;
  --lamina-3: #000000;

  --acento-50: #fff3fd;
  --acento-100: #ffe3fa;
  --acento-200: #fec6f6;
  --acento-300: #fc9ef1;
  --acento-400: #ef75e4;
  --acento-500: #dc4bd2;
  --acento-600: #bf2ab6;
  --acento-700: #9a1792;
  --acento-800: #75096f;
  --acento-900: #50034c;
  --neutro-50: #f7f6f7;
  --neutro-100: #edeaec;
  --neutro-200: #dad6d9;
  --neutro-300: #c2bcc1;
  --neutro-400: #a8a1a7;
  --neutro-500: #8f868d;
  --neutro-600: #756d74;
  --neutro-700: #5c555b;
  --neutro-800: #443e43;
  --neutro-900: #2d292c;

  --boton: #bf2ab6;
  --boton-encima: #d442c9;
  --boton-pulsado: #e55cda;
  --boton-apagado: #483646;
  --foco: #c708bf;

  --exito: #4ec251;
  --aviso: #d3b41c;
  --error: #fd8b74;
  --info: #6baefe;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #fff1fd;
    --superficie: #f5e3f2;
    --borde: #e1cbdd;
    --texto: #2b2029;
    --tinta: #2b2029;
    --texto-suave: #6d5f6b;
    --acento: #bf2ab6;
    --acento-texto: #fcf4fa;
  }
}
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From Wada's dictionary, 1933

Wada combination 190

It contains a colour very close to yours (Black) and has been in use for almost a century. The original colours are called Ivory Buff · English Red · Black.

The plate, as printed

3 colours in equal parts, as in the book. It is the inspiration, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 14.9:1: AAA, reads with room to spare.

On screen, the text #242424 on the background #fbf5e4 gives 14.3:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 97: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #c23f06 stands 4.8:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.8:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #fbf5e4 on 60% of the screen, #ebd999 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #c23f06 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #242424, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #000000, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #c23f06 stands 4.8:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f9f6ef.

  • Temperature

    All warm: close and unified, but to make something stand out don't rely on colour, rely on light: the important thing darker or lighter than its surroundings.

  • How many

    Three colours is the comfortable measure: background, text and one accent. Don't add a fourth unless it earns its place by contrast or by hue.

  • In the dictionary

    In the dictionary it sits among the tone-on-tone sets: colours from one family. Hierarchy comes from light, not hue, so order elements from lightest to darkest. It is one of the mixed-light ones: it already brings hierarchy. Keep it on screen: lightest at the back, darkest in front.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The whole palette sits on the active side of the circle: the colours that advance, warm and push outward.

  • Surface · yellow

    Yellow across a large surface is a gamble. It is the least forgiving colour: the slightest drift towards green turns gold into dirt, and on screen that drift is supplied by compression or a gradient. § 770

  • Accent · orange

    Orange in a small patch is the accent that needs no explaining: it advances, it is seen, and it does not need size to do it. § 775

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Adjacent

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the active side gains energy. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the active side gains energy. § 831

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#f6f6f6
  • 100#ebebeb
  • 200#feccb9
  • 300#ffa987
  • 400#fb804f
  • 500#e65e27
  • 600#c23f06
  • 700#9f3001
  • 800#762402
  • 900#4d1a01

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f8f6f5
  • 100#eeeae9
  • 200#dcd6d4
  • 300#c4bdba
  • 400#aba19d
  • 500#928782
  • 600#786d69
  • 700#5e5552
  • 800#453e3c
  • 900#2e2927

Button states

  • Normal#c23f06
  • Hover#a73200
  • Pressed#8a2800
  • Disabled#c5aaa0
  • Focus#c24007

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#0b7f21
  • Warning#a28a0d
  • Error#c93625
  • Info#0470ba

And in dark

The same colour, at night.

The background isn't pure black: it carries a little of your hue. That's what separates a designed dark mode from one that looks like a fault.

A button

Take it with you

/* Wada combination 190 — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #fbf5e4;
  --superficie: #ebd999;
  --texto: #242424;
  --tinta: #242424;
  --texto-suave: #636363;
  --titular: #000000;
  --acento: #c23f06;
  --acento-texto: #f9f6ef;
  --enlace: #c23f06;
  --borde: #d9d1bb;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #ebd999;
  --lamina-2: #de4500;
  --lamina-3: #000000;

  --acento-50: #f6f6f6;
  --acento-100: #ebebeb;
  --acento-200: #feccb9;
  --acento-300: #ffa987;
  --acento-400: #fb804f;
  --acento-500: #e65e27;
  --acento-600: #c23f06;
  --acento-700: #9f3001;
  --acento-800: #762402;
  --acento-900: #4d1a01;
  --neutro-50: #f8f6f5;
  --neutro-100: #eeeae9;
  --neutro-200: #dcd6d4;
  --neutro-300: #c4bdba;
  --neutro-400: #aba19d;
  --neutro-500: #928782;
  --neutro-600: #786d69;
  --neutro-700: #5e5552;
  --neutro-800: #453e3c;
  --neutro-900: #2e2927;

  --boton: #c23f06;
  --boton-encima: #a73200;
  --boton-pulsado: #8a2800;
  --boton-apagado: #c5aaa0;
  --foco: #c24007;

  --exito: #0b7f21;
  --aviso: #a28a0d;
  --error: #c93625;
  --info: #0470ba;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #2d1e19;
    --superficie: #3c2a23;
    --borde: #584239;
    --texto: #f8ebe7;
    --tinta: #f8ebe7;
    --texto-suave: #bcaea9;
    --acento: #f66b34;
    --acento-texto: #2e211c;
  }
}
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By rule

Complementary

Your colour and the one opposite it on the wheel, plus a light neutral and a dark version for background and text. For brands that want attention: the accent jumps out because the eye reads it as the opposite of everything else.

The plate, as printed

The colours the rule gives, raw and in equal parts. It is the starting point, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 5.8:1: AA, it reads.

On screen, the text #eeeeee on the background #222222 gives 13.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #6e6e6b stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.7:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #222222 on 60% of the screen, #000000 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #6e6e6b on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #eeeeee, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #8b8b8b, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #6e6e6b stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f6f6f6.

  • Temperature

    All neutral: the brand will be recognised by its type and its spacing, not its colour. If you need a call-out, bring in a single accent from outside and don't scatter it.

  • How many

    Four colours demand discipline: #000000 and #eeeeee are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The palette stays at rest: it neither advances nor recedes. Restful, but it points at nothing on its own.

    How each pair reads on the circle
    • With a neutral

      A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

    • With a neutral

      A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

    • With a neutral

      A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

    • With a neutral

      A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

    • With a neutral

      A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

    • With a neutral

      A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

    What is happening to this palette
    • Every colour below the point where a colour asserts itself. It is the opposite failure to motley, and Goethe puts it down to fear: for want of going too far, nothing gets said. § 894

    Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

    The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

    A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

    Nine tints of the accent

    • 50#f6f6f6
    • 100#ebebea
    • 200#d7d7d6
    • 300#bebebc
    • 400#a3a3a0
    • 500#898986
    • 600#6e6e6b
    • 700#575755
    • 800#40403e
    • 900#2a2a28

    Greys, tinted with your hue

    • 50#f6f6f5
    • 100#ebebe8
    • 200#d7d7d3
    • 300#bebfb8
    • 400#a4a49c
    • 500#898981
    • 600#707068
    • 700#575850
    • 800#40403a
    • 900#2a2a26

    Button states

    • Normal#6e6e6b
    • Hover#80807d
    • Pressed#919191
    • Disabled#3a3a39
    • Focus#6e704e

    Success, warning, error and info

    • Success#83b87e
    • Warning#cbb570
    • Error#ea9582
    • Info#7daef0

    And in light

    The same colour, by day.

    The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

    A button

    Take it with you

    /* Complementary — bluenze.com/paletas */
    :root {
      --fondo: #222222;
      --superficie: #000000;
      --texto: #eeeeee;
      --tinta: #eeeeee;
      --texto-suave: #b0b0b0;
      --titular: #8b8b8b;
      --acento: #6e6e6b;
      --acento-texto: #f6f6f6;
      --enlace: #8c8c89;
      --borde: #474747;
      --apoyo-1: #1a1a1c;
    
      /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
      --lamina-1: #1c1c1a;
      --lamina-2: #1a1a1c;
      --lamina-3: #868686;
      --lamina-4: #000000;
    
      --acento-50: #f6f6f6;
      --acento-100: #ebebea;
      --acento-200: #d7d7d6;
      --acento-300: #bebebc;
      --acento-400: #a3a3a0;
      --acento-500: #898986;
      --acento-600: #6e6e6b;
      --acento-700: #575755;
      --acento-800: #40403e;
      --acento-900: #2a2a28;
      --neutro-50: #f6f6f5;
      --neutro-100: #ebebe8;
      --neutro-200: #d7d7d3;
      --neutro-300: #bebfb8;
      --neutro-400: #a4a49c;
      --neutro-500: #898981;
      --neutro-600: #707068;
      --neutro-700: #575850;
      --neutro-800: #40403a;
      --neutro-900: #2a2a26;
    
      --boton: #6e6e6b;
      --boton-encima: #80807d;
      --boton-pulsado: #919191;
      --boton-apagado: #3a3a39;
      --foco: #6e704e;
    
      --exito: #83b87e;
      --aviso: #cbb570;
      --error: #ea9582;
      --info: #7daef0;
    }
    
    @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
      :root {
        --fondo: #f5f5f4;
        --superficie: #e8e8e7;
        --borde: #d2d2d0;
        --texto: #242423;
        --tinta: #242423;
        --texto-suave: #636363;
        --acento: #6e6e6b;
        --acento-texto: #f6f6f6;
      }
    }
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    By rule

    Analogous

    Your colour and its two neighbours on the wheel, plus a neutral that lets them breathe. For calm brands: everything looks like one family and nothing shouts.

    The plate, as printed

    The colours the rule gives, raw and in equal parts. It is the starting point, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

    Adapted for screen

    The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

    On a website

    This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

    This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

    A card

    Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

    And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
    Aa

    Measured, before and after

    On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 5.1:1: AA, it reads.

    On screen, the text #eeeeee on the background #222121 gives 13.8:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 95: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

    The accent #6e6e6b stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.8:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

    How to use it

    • Proportion

      Distribute, don't equalise: #222121 on 60% of the screen, #282726 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #6e6e6b on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

    • Text

      Body text goes in #eeeeee, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #8b8b8b, where size forgives.

    • The button

      The accent #6e6e6b stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f7f6f6.

    • Temperature

      All neutral: the brand will be recognised by its type and its spacing, not its colour. If you need a call-out, bring in a single accent from outside and don't scatter it.

    • How many

      Four colours demand discipline: #282726 and #eeeeee are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

    Goethe's reading

    What this combination conveys, and why.

    Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

    What it conveys, by where each colour landed

    The palette stays at rest: it neither advances nor recedes. Restful, but it points at nothing on its own.

      How each pair reads on the circle
      • With a neutral

        A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

      • With a neutral

        A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

      • With a neutral

        A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

      • With a neutral

        A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

      • With a neutral

        A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

      • With a neutral

        A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

      What is happening to this palette
      • Every colour below the point where a colour asserts itself. It is the opposite failure to motley, and Goethe puts it down to fear: for want of going too far, nothing gets said. § 894

      Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

      The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

      A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

      Nine tints of the accent

      • 50#f6f6f6
      • 100#ebebea
      • 200#d7d7d6
      • 300#bebebc
      • 400#a3a3a0
      • 500#898986
      • 600#6e6e6b
      • 700#575755
      • 800#40403e
      • 900#2a2a28

      Greys, tinted with your hue

      • 50#f6f6f5
      • 100#ebebe8
      • 200#d7d7d3
      • 300#bebfb8
      • 400#a4a49c
      • 500#898981
      • 600#707068
      • 700#575850
      • 800#40403a
      • 900#2a2a26

      Button states

      • Normal#6e6e6b
      • Hover#80807d
      • Pressed#919191
      • Disabled#3a3a39
      • Focus#6e704e

      Success, warning, error and info

      • Success#83b87e
      • Warning#cbb570
      • Error#ea9582
      • Info#7daef0

      And in light

      The same colour, by day.

      The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

      A button

      Take it with you

      /* Analogous — bluenze.com/paletas */
      :root {
        --fondo: #222121;
        --superficie: #282726;
        --texto: #eeeeee;
        --tinta: #eeeeee;
        --texto-suave: #b0b0b0;
        --titular: #8b8b8b;
        --acento: #6e6e6b;
        --acento-texto: #f7f6f6;
        --enlace: #8c8c89;
        --borde: #474746;
        --apoyo-1: #1b1c1a;
      
        /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
        --lamina-1: #1c1b1a;
        --lamina-2: #1c1c1a;
        --lamina-3: #1b1c1a;
        --lamina-4: #8b8b8b;
      
        --acento-50: #f6f6f6;
        --acento-100: #ebebea;
        --acento-200: #d7d7d6;
        --acento-300: #bebebc;
        --acento-400: #a3a3a0;
        --acento-500: #898986;
        --acento-600: #6e6e6b;
        --acento-700: #575755;
        --acento-800: #40403e;
        --acento-900: #2a2a28;
        --neutro-50: #f6f6f5;
        --neutro-100: #ebebe8;
        --neutro-200: #d7d7d3;
        --neutro-300: #bebfb8;
        --neutro-400: #a4a49c;
        --neutro-500: #898981;
        --neutro-600: #707068;
        --neutro-700: #575850;
        --neutro-800: #40403a;
        --neutro-900: #2a2a26;
      
        --boton: #6e6e6b;
        --boton-encima: #80807d;
        --boton-pulsado: #919191;
        --boton-apagado: #3a3a39;
        --foco: #6e704e;
      
        --exito: #83b87e;
        --aviso: #cbb570;
        --error: #ea9582;
        --info: #7daef0;
      }
      
      @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
        :root {
          --fondo: #f5f5f4;
          --superficie: #e8e8e7;
          --borde: #d2d2d0;
          --texto: #242423;
          --tinta: #242423;
          --texto-suave: #636363;
          --acento: #6e6e6b;
          --acento-texto: #f6f6f6;
        }
      }
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      By rule

      Monochrome with accent

      One hue in three lights and a small accent opposite it. The one studios use most: the brand is recognised by one colour and the accent does the work of pointing at buttons and links.

      The plate, as printed

      The colours the rule gives, raw and in equal parts. It is the starting point, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

      Adapted for screen

      The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

      On a website

      This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

      This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

      A card

      Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

      And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
      Aa

      Measured, before and after

      On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 5.0:1: AA, it reads.

      On screen, the text #eeeeee on the background #222222 gives 13.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

      The accent #6d6c76 stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.7:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

      How to use it

      • Proportion

        Distribute, don't equalise: #222222 on 60% of the screen, #000000 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #6d6c76 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

      • Text

        Body text goes in #eeeeee, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #8b8b8b, where size forgives.

      • The button

        The accent #6d6c76 stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f6f6f6.

      • Temperature

        All neutral: the brand will be recognised by its type and its spacing, not its colour. If you need a call-out, bring in a single accent from outside and don't scatter it.

      • How many

        Four colours demand discipline: #000000 and #eeeeee are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

      Goethe's reading

      What this combination conveys, and why.

      Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

      What it conveys, by where each colour landed

      The palette stays at rest: it neither advances nor recedes. Restful, but it points at nothing on its own.

        How each pair reads on the circle
        • With a neutral

          A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

        • With a neutral

          A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

        • With a neutral

          A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

        • With a neutral

          A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

        • With a neutral

          A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

        • With a neutral

          A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

        What is happening to this palette
        • Every colour below the point where a colour asserts itself. It is the opposite failure to motley, and Goethe puts it down to fear: for want of going too far, nothing gets said. § 894

        Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

        The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

        A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

        Nine tints of the accent

        • 50#f6f6f8
        • 100#ebebee
        • 200#d7d7dc
        • 300#bebdc5
        • 400#a3a2ab
        • 500#898892
        • 600#6d6c76
        • 700#57565f
        • 800#403f46
        • 900#2a292e

        Greys, tinted with your hue

        • 50#f6f6f8
        • 100#ebebed
        • 200#d7d7db
        • 300#bebdc4
        • 400#a3a2aa
        • 500#898891
        • 600#6f6f77
        • 700#57565d
        • 800#403f45
        • 900#2a292e

        Button states

        • Normal#6d6c76
        • Hover#7f7e88
        • Pressed#919094
        • Disabled#39393a
        • Focus#6b6991

        Success, warning, error and info

        • Success#83b87e
        • Warning#cbb570
        • Error#ea9582
        • Info#7daef0

        And in light

        The same colour, by day.

        The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

        A button

        Take it with you

        /* Monochrome with accent — bluenze.com/paletas */
        :root {
          --fondo: #222222;
          --superficie: #000000;
          --texto: #eeeeee;
          --tinta: #eeeeee;
          --texto-suave: #b0b0b0;
          --titular: #8b8b8b;
          --acento: #6d6c76;
          --acento-texto: #f6f6f6;
          --enlace: #8b8b95;
          --borde: #474747;
          --apoyo-1: #1c1c1a;
        
          /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
          --lamina-1: #000000;
          --lamina-2: #1c1c1a;
          --lamina-3: #7c7c7c;
          --lamina-4: #17171f;
        
          --acento-50: #f6f6f8;
          --acento-100: #ebebee;
          --acento-200: #d7d7dc;
          --acento-300: #bebdc5;
          --acento-400: #a3a2ab;
          --acento-500: #898892;
          --acento-600: #6d6c76;
          --acento-700: #57565f;
          --acento-800: #403f46;
          --acento-900: #2a292e;
          --neutro-50: #f6f6f8;
          --neutro-100: #ebebed;
          --neutro-200: #d7d7db;
          --neutro-300: #bebdc4;
          --neutro-400: #a3a2aa;
          --neutro-500: #898891;
          --neutro-600: #6f6f77;
          --neutro-700: #57565d;
          --neutro-800: #403f45;
          --neutro-900: #2a292e;
        
          --boton: #6d6c76;
          --boton-encima: #7f7e88;
          --boton-pulsado: #919094;
          --boton-apagado: #39393a;
          --foco: #6b6991;
        
          --exito: #83b87e;
          --aviso: #cbb570;
          --error: #ea9582;
          --info: #7daef0;
        }
        
        @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
          :root {
            --fondo: #f5f5f7;
            --superficie: #e8e8ea;
            --borde: #d2d1d4;
            --texto: #242325;
            --tinta: #242325;
            --texto-suave: #636365;
            --acento: #6d6c76;
            --acento-texto: #f6f6f7;
          }
        }
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        22 in the dictionary

        Wada's blacks, one by one.

        138 from the book

        Wada's combinations with black.

        The other colours

        And if your colour is another one.

        Where they come from

        We read the book.

        In 1933 a Japanese painter and costume designer, Sanzō Wada, published a dictionary of colour combinations: 348 palettes meant for dyers, weavers and designers, drawn from years of working with real colour rather than a wheel. Almost a century later it still sits on the desk of many studios, ours included. We read it cover to cover, checked every value against the original and gave its 158 colours a name in Spanish.

        Combinations based on Sanzō Wada's system (Haishoku Sōkan, 1933-34; Seigensha selection, 2010). Colour values are checked against that edition; the Spanish names, each combination's character and the explanations are ours.

        If it is for your brand, this is what we do: custom websites that start with colour and end in code.