Palettes by colour

Colours that go with brown

Technically it's a dark, low-chroma orange. Emotionally it's wood, leather, coffee and bread, which is a hard CV to beat.

What goes with brown

Brown doesn't exist in the rainbow: it's what happens when you drop the lightness and chroma of an orange or a red. That's why everything that goes with wood goes with brown, and why browns get on so well with each other — same family at different heights.

Anything earthy suits it — beige, cream, sand, terracotta — and green suits it surprisingly well, because that pairing exists in a field and the eye recognises it without thinking. Navy with brown is the classic leather-and-denim combination. To lift it without betraying it, a muted gold or a mustard; never anything electric, which next to brown reads as plastic.

If you work with wood — furniture, joinery, interiors, hospitality — brown isn't a brand choice, it's the colour of your product. Let the palette accompany it rather than compete: light cream or bone backgrounds, very dark type and a single accent. And in print, add a touch of ink: light browns lose body on paper.

Five to start with

Five palettes with brown, each with a reason.

Two come from Wada's dictionary and three from named harmony rules. Each arrives with the roles assigned — which colour is the background, which the text, which the button — painted at page size and with the contrast measured. If you want your exact hue, change it in the tool.

From Wada's dictionary, 1933

Wada combination 160

It contains a colour very close to yours (Pale Raw Umber) and has been in use for almost a century. The original colours are called Sulphine Yellow · Pale Raw Umber · Dark Medici Blue.

The plate, as printed

3 colours in equal parts, as in the book. It is the inspiration, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 3.8:1: only good for large text.

On screen, the text #f1eee4 on the background #2a2013 gives 13.8:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #417777 stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.8:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

Under Deuteranopia, your accent and your background drop to 3.0:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #2a2013 on 60% of the screen, #5e4017 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #417777 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    No pair on the plate read as text (the best gave 3.8:1). That is why body text goes in #f1eee4, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue: it is not in the book, and it is needed.

  • The button

    The accent #417777 stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #fcf5ef.

  • Temperature

    Warm and cool together: let one lead and the other point. Here the background #5e4017 leads, and the accent #417777 is the first thing the eye will look for.

  • How many

    Three colours is the comfortable measure: background, text and one accent. Don't add a fourth unless it earns its place by contrast or by hue.

  • In the dictionary

    In the dictionary it sits among the contrasting-hue sets: hues deliberately set against each other. The contrast is already there; don't force it with shadows or blacks. It is one of the dark ones: it needs light text and large surfaces; in small pieces it clogs.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The whole palette sits on the active side of the circle: the colours that advance, warm and push outward.

  • Surface · orange

    Orange fills a surface with energy and never lets go. It works if the rest of the palette keeps quiet; otherwise it tires before the first screenful is over. § 775

  • Accent · green

    Green is the colour of rest, so as an accent it points at nothing: the eye accepts it and moves on. If this palette needs something to stop the eye, this is not it. § 802

  • Heading · yellow

    Yellow points, but it loses the moment the ground stops being smooth and bright. On screen that means shadows, gradients and small type on top. § 771

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Adjacent

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

  • Adjacent

    Adjacent on the circle, with nothing between them. Ordinary and agreeable: it says little, and it does not offend. § 829

  • Characteristic

    Characteristic by geometry — there is a colour skipped between the two. But Goethe judges only four pairs in this group, and this is not one of them. § 823

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#f0f8f8
  • 100#dfeeee
  • 200#c3dcdc
  • 300#a2c5c4
  • 400#7dabab
  • 500#5c9292
  • 600#417777
  • 700#305e5e
  • 800#204646
  • 900#112e2e

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f5f7f7
  • 100#e8ecec
  • 200#d2d8d8
  • 300#b7c0c0
  • 400#9aa5a5
  • 500#7e8b8b
  • 600#667272
  • 700#4f5959
  • 800#394241
  • 900#252b2b

Button states

  • Normal#417777
  • Hover#538989
  • Pressed#709999
  • Disabled#353c3b
  • Focus#127b7b

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#83b87e
  • Warning#cbb570
  • Error#ea9582
  • Info#7daef0

And in light

The same colour, by day.

The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

A button

Take it with you

/* Wada combination 160 — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #2a2013;
  --superficie: #5e4017;
  --texto: #f1eee4;
  --tinta: #f1eee4;
  --texto-suave: #b5b0a2;
  --titular: #baa600;
  --acento: #417777;
  --acento-texto: #fcf5ef;
  --enlace: #609696;
  --borde: #524435;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #baa600;
  --lamina-2: #5e4017;
  --lamina-3: #417777;

  --acento-50: #f0f8f8;
  --acento-100: #dfeeee;
  --acento-200: #c3dcdc;
  --acento-300: #a2c5c4;
  --acento-400: #7dabab;
  --acento-500: #5c9292;
  --acento-600: #417777;
  --acento-700: #305e5e;
  --acento-800: #204646;
  --acento-900: #112e2e;
  --neutro-50: #f5f7f7;
  --neutro-100: #e8ecec;
  --neutro-200: #d2d8d8;
  --neutro-300: #b7c0c0;
  --neutro-400: #9aa5a5;
  --neutro-500: #7e8b8b;
  --neutro-600: #667272;
  --neutro-700: #4f5959;
  --neutro-800: #394241;
  --neutro-900: #252b2b;

  --boton: #417777;
  --boton-encima: #538989;
  --boton-pulsado: #709999;
  --boton-apagado: #353c3b;
  --foco: #127b7b;

  --exito: #83b87e;
  --aviso: #cbb570;
  --error: #ea9582;
  --info: #7daef0;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #eef7f6;
    --superficie: #dfeaea;
    --borde: #c5d5d4;
    --texto: #1f2525;
    --tinta: #1f2525;
    --texto-suave: #5d6565;
    --acento: #417777;
    --acento-texto: #f2f7f7;
  }
}
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From Wada's dictionary, 1933

Wada combination 234

It contains a colour very close to yours (Pale Raw Umber) and has been in use for almost a century. The original colours are called Cinnamon Buff · Pale Raw Umber · Pale King's Blue.

The plate, as printed

3 colours in equal parts, as in the book. It is the inspiration, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 7.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare.

On screen, the text #29231c on the background #e1faf7 gives 14.2:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 96: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #b77f31 stands 3.2:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.8:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

Under Deuteranopia, your accent and your background drop to 2.9:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #e1faf7 on 60% of the screen, #abf5ed on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #b77f31 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #29231c, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #5e4017, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #b77f31 stands 3.2:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #29231c.

  • Temperature

    Warm and cool together: let one lead and the other point. Here the background #abf5ed leads, and the accent #b77f31 is the first thing the eye will look for.

  • How many

    Three colours is the comfortable measure: background, text and one accent. Don't add a fourth unless it earns its place by contrast or by hue.

  • In the dictionary

    In the dictionary it sits among the contrasting-hue sets: hues deliberately set against each other. The contrast is already there; don't force it with shadows or blacks. It is one of the mixed-light ones: it already brings hierarchy. Keep it on screen: lightest at the back, darkest in front.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The whole palette sits on the active side of the circle: the colours that advance, warm and push outward.

  • Surface · green

    Green is where the eye rests. Goethe says whoever looks at it neither wishes nor is able to imagine anything beyond it, which is why it was the colour for rooms you live in. In an interface that is precisely a background. § 802

  • Accent and Heading · orange

    Orange in a small patch is the accent that needs no explaining: it advances, it is seen, and it does not need size to do it. § 775

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Same sector

    Both fall in the same sector of the circle. There is no hue contrast, so whatever separates them will have to be lightness. § 832

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

  • Characteristic

    Characteristic by geometry — there is a colour skipped between the two. But Goethe judges only four pairs in this group, and this is not one of them. § 823

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

  • Characteristic

    Characteristic by geometry — there is a colour skipped between the two. But Goethe judges only four pairs in this group, and this is not one of them. § 823

    This verdict is ours. Goethe judges four of the six pairs in this group and says so himself, or one of the two colours sits right between two sectors of the circle.

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#fff5ea
  • 100#fee7d1
  • 200#f4d1ad
  • 300#e3b683
  • 400#ce9957
  • 500#b77f31
  • 600#986518
  • 700#794e08
  • 800#5b3901
  • 900#3c2500

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f7f6f5
  • 100#edebe8
  • 200#dad7d3
  • 300#c3bdb8
  • 400#a9a29c
  • 500#8f8881
  • 600#756e68
  • 700#5c5650
  • 800#443f3a
  • 900#2d2926

Button states

  • Normal#b77f31
  • Hover#a36d1f
  • Pressed#8c5d16
  • Disabled#dbcec2
  • Focus#bf7c00

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#307c32
  • Warning#a18a2c
  • Error#b34d3a
  • Info#1170b8

And in dark

The same colour, at night.

The background isn't pure black: it carries a little of your hue. That's what separates a designed dark mode from one that looks like a fault.

A button

Take it with you

/* Wada combination 234 — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #e1faf7;
  --superficie: #abf5ed;
  --texto: #29231c;
  --tinta: #29231c;
  --texto-suave: #6a625a;
  --titular: #5e4017;
  --acento: #b77f31;
  --acento-texto: #29231c;
  --enlace: #946110;
  --borde: #b7d8d4;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #ffbf6e;
  --lamina-2: #5e4017;
  --lamina-3: #abf5ed;

  --acento-50: #fff5ea;
  --acento-100: #fee7d1;
  --acento-200: #f4d1ad;
  --acento-300: #e3b683;
  --acento-400: #ce9957;
  --acento-500: #b77f31;
  --acento-600: #986518;
  --acento-700: #794e08;
  --acento-800: #5b3901;
  --acento-900: #3c2500;
  --neutro-50: #f7f6f5;
  --neutro-100: #edebe8;
  --neutro-200: #dad7d3;
  --neutro-300: #c3bdb8;
  --neutro-400: #a9a29c;
  --neutro-500: #8f8881;
  --neutro-600: #756e68;
  --neutro-700: #5c5650;
  --neutro-800: #443f3a;
  --neutro-900: #2d2926;

  --boton: #b77f31;
  --boton-encima: #a36d1f;
  --boton-pulsado: #8c5d16;
  --boton-apagado: #dbcec2;
  --foco: #bf7c00;

  --exito: #307c32;
  --aviso: #a18a2c;
  --error: #b34d3a;
  --info: #1170b8;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #292016;
    --superficie: #382c1f;
    --borde: #524435;
    --texto: #f5ede5;
    --tinta: #f5ede5;
    --texto-suave: #b8afa6;
    --acento: #c48a3c;
    --acento-texto: #2a221a;
  }
}
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By rule

Complementary

Your colour and the one opposite it on the wheel, plus a light neutral and a dark version for background and text. For brands that want attention: the accent jumps out because the eye reads it as the opposite of everything else.

The plate, as printed

The colours the rule gives, raw and in equal parts. It is the starting point, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 11.2:1: AAA, reads with room to spare.

On screen, the text #eeeeee on the background #212222 gives 13.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #956242 stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.8:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

Under Protanopia, your accent and your background drop to 2.8:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #212222 on 60% of the screen, #000101 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #956242 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #eeeeee, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #bebebe, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #956242 stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f6f6f6.

  • Temperature

    Warm and cool together: let one lead and the other point. Here the background #000101 leads, and the accent #956242 is the first thing the eye will look for.

  • How many

    Four colours demand discipline: #000101 and #eeeeee are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The palette crosses both sides of the circle, active and passive. It carries the most tension and most needs one of the two to lead.

  • Accent · orange

    Orange in a small patch is the accent that needs no explaining: it advances, it is seen, and it does not need size to do it. § 775

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Opposite

    Opposite on the circle: together they complete what the eye asks for on its own. It is the only category Goethe approves without reservation. § 810

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the active side loses force. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the active side gains energy. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the passive side gains in liveliness. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the passive side loses. § 831

  • With a neutral

    A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#fff4ef
  • 100#fae7dd
  • 200#efd1c0
  • 300#dfb69e
  • 400#ca997b
  • 500#b37d5b
  • 600#956242
  • 700#784d32
  • 800#5a3822
  • 900#3d2413

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f8f6f5
  • 100#edeae9
  • 200#dbd6d3
  • 300#c4bdb9
  • 400#aaa19d
  • 500#918782
  • 600#776e69
  • 700#5e5651
  • 800#453f3b
  • 900#2e2926

Button states

  • Normal#956242
  • Hover#a97353
  • Pressed#b88769
  • Disabled#413834
  • Focus#a55a27

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#83b87e
  • Warning#cbb570
  • Error#ea9582
  • Info#7daef0

And in light

The same colour, by day.

The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

A button

Take it with you

/* Complementary — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #212222;
  --superficie: #000101;
  --texto: #eeeeee;
  --tinta: #eeeeee;
  --texto-suave: #b0b0b0;
  --titular: #bebebe;
  --acento: #956242;
  --acento-texto: #f6f6f6;
  --enlace: #b7805e;
  --borde: #464747;
  --apoyo-1: #2b5b7a;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #7a4a2b;
  --lamina-2: #2b5b7a;
  --lamina-3: #bebebe;
  --lamina-4: #000101;

  --acento-50: #fff4ef;
  --acento-100: #fae7dd;
  --acento-200: #efd1c0;
  --acento-300: #dfb69e;
  --acento-400: #ca997b;
  --acento-500: #b37d5b;
  --acento-600: #956242;
  --acento-700: #784d32;
  --acento-800: #5a3822;
  --acento-900: #3d2413;
  --neutro-50: #f8f6f5;
  --neutro-100: #edeae9;
  --neutro-200: #dbd6d3;
  --neutro-300: #c4bdb9;
  --neutro-400: #aaa19d;
  --neutro-500: #918782;
  --neutro-600: #776e69;
  --neutro-700: #5e5651;
  --neutro-800: #453f3b;
  --neutro-900: #2e2926;

  --boton: #956242;
  --boton-encima: #a97353;
  --boton-pulsado: #b88769;
  --boton-apagado: #413834;
  --foco: #a55a27;

  --exito: #83b87e;
  --aviso: #cbb570;
  --error: #ea9582;
  --info: #7daef0;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #fef3ed;
    --superficie: #f4e5dd;
    --borde: #e2cec3;
    --texto: #29221f;
    --tinta: #29221f;
    --texto-suave: #6c615b;
    --acento: #956242;
    --acento-texto: #fcf5f1;
  }
}
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By rule

Analogous

Your colour and its two neighbours on the wheel, plus a neutral that lets them breathe. For calm brands: everything looks like one family and nothing shouts.

The plate, as printed

The colours the rule gives, raw and in equal parts. It is the starting point, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 5.4:1: AA, it reads.

On screen, the text #eeeeee on the background #311c1d gives 13.8:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #956242 stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.8:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

Under Protanopia, your accent and your background drop to 2.9:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #311c1d on 60% of the screen, #7a2b34 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #956242 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #eeeeee, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #c3c3c3, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #956242 stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #fff4f4.

  • Temperature

    All warm: close and unified, but to make something stand out don't rely on colour, rely on light: the important thing darker or lighter than its surroundings.

  • How many

    Four colours demand discipline: #7a2b34 and #eeeeee are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The whole palette sits on the active side of the circle: the colours that advance, warm and push outward.

  • Surface · red

    Red at full surface leaves room for nothing else. It is the colour of gravity and dignity, and in a background that reads as constant weight. § 790

  • Accent · orange

    Orange in a small patch is the accent that needs no explaining: it advances, it is seen, and it does not need size to do it. § 775

How each pair reads on the circle
  • Adjacent

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • Characteristic

    Yellow and red, with orange skipped between them. The characteristic pair he thinks best: serene and magnificent. § 820

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the active side loses force. § 831

  • Adjacent

    Adjacent on the circle, with no colour between them to keep them apart. They are saved by proportion: one has to lead and the other to follow. § 828

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the active side loses force. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the active side loses force. § 831

What is happening to this palette
  • #7a2b34 and #7a4a2b are neighbours on the circle and only 7 points of lightness apart. This is the failure Goethe describes without naming it: well-chosen colours placed at the wrong value. They vibrate, and neither can be read on top of the other. § 899

  • #7a4a2b and #7a722b are neighbours on the circle and only 11 points of lightness apart. This is the failure Goethe describes without naming it: well-chosen colours placed at the wrong value. They vibrate, and neither can be read on top of the other. § 899

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#fff4ef
  • 100#fae7dd
  • 200#efd1c0
  • 300#dfb69e
  • 400#ca997b
  • 500#b37d5b
  • 600#956242
  • 700#784d32
  • 800#5a3822
  • 900#3d2413

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f8f6f5
  • 100#edeae9
  • 200#dbd6d3
  • 300#c4bdb9
  • 400#aaa19d
  • 500#918782
  • 600#776e69
  • 700#5e5651
  • 800#453f3b
  • 900#2e2926

Button states

  • Normal#956242
  • Hover#a97353
  • Pressed#b88769
  • Disabled#413834
  • Focus#a55a27

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#83b87e
  • Warning#cbb570
  • Error#ea9582
  • Info#7daef0

And in light

The same colour, by day.

The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

A button

Take it with you

/* Analogous — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #311c1d;
  --superficie: #7a2b34;
  --texto: #eeeeee;
  --tinta: #eeeeee;
  --texto-suave: #b0b0b0;
  --titular: #c3c3c3;
  --acento: #956242;
  --acento-texto: #fff4f4;
  --enlace: #b7805e;
  --borde: #5a4041;
  --apoyo-1: #7a722b;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #7a2b34;
  --lamina-2: #7a4a2b;
  --lamina-3: #7a722b;
  --lamina-4: #c3c3c3;

  --acento-50: #fff4ef;
  --acento-100: #fae7dd;
  --acento-200: #efd1c0;
  --acento-300: #dfb69e;
  --acento-400: #ca997b;
  --acento-500: #b37d5b;
  --acento-600: #956242;
  --acento-700: #784d32;
  --acento-800: #5a3822;
  --acento-900: #3d2413;
  --neutro-50: #f8f6f5;
  --neutro-100: #edeae9;
  --neutro-200: #dbd6d3;
  --neutro-300: #c4bdb9;
  --neutro-400: #aaa19d;
  --neutro-500: #918782;
  --neutro-600: #776e69;
  --neutro-700: #5e5651;
  --neutro-800: #453f3b;
  --neutro-900: #2e2926;

  --boton: #956242;
  --boton-encima: #a97353;
  --boton-pulsado: #b88769;
  --boton-apagado: #413834;
  --foco: #a55a27;

  --exito: #83b87e;
  --aviso: #cbb570;
  --error: #ea9582;
  --info: #7daef0;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #fef3ed;
    --superficie: #f4e5dd;
    --borde: #e2cec3;
    --texto: #29221f;
    --tinta: #29221f;
    --texto-suave: #6c615b;
    --acento: #956242;
    --acento-texto: #fcf5f1;
  }
}
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By rule

Monochrome with accent

One hue in three lights and a small accent opposite it. The one studios use most: the brand is recognised by one colour and the accent does the work of pointing at buttons and links.

The plate, as printed

The colours the rule gives, raw and in equal parts. It is the starting point, not the interface. Click one to copy it.

Adapted for screen

The same hue as the plate with the lightness moved to where an interface needs it: the background rests, the surface keeps the colour from the book and the accent earns the button. Each role says which colour it comes from and what was done to it. Click any to copy.

On a website

This is your colour with a whole screen to fill.

This paragraph is here so you can see real text on a real background, which is where half of the pretty palettes fall over. If it's hard to read, now you know. And this is a link.

A card

Secondary surfaces use the support colour. If it doesn't separate from the background, the hierarchy is gone.

And the footer, which nobody looks at until it looks wrong.
Aa

Measured, before and after

On the plate, the best pair of colours reads at 9.7:1: AAA, reads with room to spare.

On screen, the text #efedec on the background #222121 gives 13.8:1: AAA, reads with room to spare. APCA gives Lc 94: good for small text, the kind you read a paragraph of.

The accent #3b7197 stands 3.1:1 from the background (a button needs 3:1) and as a link reaches 4.6:1 (a word needs 4.5:1).

Under Deuteranopia, your accent and your background drop to 2.9:1. The button stops standing out: give it a border, change the lightness, or don't rely on colour alone to mark it.

How to use it

  • Proportion

    Distribute, don't equalise: #222121 on 60% of the screen, #090503 on 30% (cards, bands, headers) and #3b7197 on 10%, only on buttons and links. A colour loses force the more surface it covers; what looks intense on the plate softens at full screen.

  • Text

    Body text goes in #efedec, a near-neutral ink tinted with the palette's hue, even though the plate had a pair that read: a saturated colour as text tires by the third line. The book's colour enters through the heading, in #beb1a9, where size forgives.

  • The button

    The accent #3b7197 stands 3.1:1 apart from the background: it works as a button, with text in #f7f6f6.

  • Temperature

    Warm and cool together: let one lead and the other point. Here the background #090503 leads, and the accent #3b7197 is the first thing the eye will look for.

  • How many

    Four colours demand discipline: #090503 and #efedec are the base, the other two are detail. If in doubt, drop the support colour before the accent.

Goethe's reading

What this combination conveys, and why.

Wada tells you which colours go together. Goethe, a century earlier, explains why a combination means something or means nothing, and what each colour does depending on how much of the screen it takes. His circle has six colours and three oppositions, and every verdict below carries the paragraph it comes from.

What it conveys, by where each colour landed

The palette crosses both sides of the circle, active and passive. It carries the most tension and most needs one of the two to lead.

  • Accent · blue

    Blue recedes, and an accent is asked to do the opposite. As a link it only has to be distinguishable; as a primary button it needs contrast to do the work the colour will not. § 781

How each pair reads on the circle
  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the active side gains energy. § 831

  • With a neutral

    A neutral with a colour that has no side on the circle. Goethe has nothing to say here. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to black, a colour from the passive side loses. § 831

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the active side loses force. § 831

  • Opposite

    Opposite on the circle: together they complete what the eye asks for on its own. It is the only category Goethe approves without reservation. § 810

  • With a neutral

    Next to white, a colour from the passive side gains in liveliness. § 831

Criteria taken from Zur Farbenlehre (1810), in Eastlake's 1840 translation, which is public domain. The explanations are ours: from a book you take the substance, not the wording. The light values usually credited to Goethe for working out surface proportions are not in the Farbenlehre — they are Itten's, 1961, and that is how they are credited in the adaptation rules.

The kit for building itNine tints, states, alerts and dark mode

A brand needs four colours; an interface needs a good deal more. This is what you'd otherwise invent by hand once you take four hex codes into the editor.

Nine tints of the accent

  • 50#f0f7fe
  • 100#e0ecf9
  • 200#c5daed
  • 300#a4c2dd
  • 400#7ea8cb
  • 500#5b8eb6
  • 600#3b7197
  • 700#2d5b7c
  • 800#1d435d
  • 900#0e2c40

Greys, tinted with your hue

  • 50#f5f7f8
  • 100#e9ebed
  • 200#d4d8db
  • 300#babfc4
  • 400#9da4aa
  • 500#828a91
  • 600#697077
  • 700#52585e
  • 800#3c4045
  • 900#272a2e

Button states

  • Normal#3b7197
  • Hover#4f83aa
  • Pressed#6b94b6
  • Disabled#33393e
  • Focus#0173a6

Success, warning, error and info

  • Success#83b87e
  • Warning#cbb570
  • Error#ea9582
  • Info#7daef0

And in light

The same colour, by day.

The palette is born dark; this is its light version. The background is not pure white: it carries a little of its hue, just as the dark one was not black.

A button

Take it with you

/* Monochrome with accent — bluenze.com/paletas */
:root {
  --fondo: #222121;
  --superficie: #090503;
  --texto: #efedec;
  --tinta: #efedec;
  --texto-suave: #b2b0af;
  --titular: #beb1a9;
  --acento: #3b7197;
  --acento-texto: #f7f6f6;
  --enlace: #5d8fb7;
  --borde: #474646;
  --apoyo-1: #7a4a2b;

  /* la lámina de Wada, tal cual */
  --lamina-1: #090503;
  --lamina-2: #7a4a2b;
  --lamina-3: #beb1a9;
  --lamina-4: #235d82;

  --acento-50: #f0f7fe;
  --acento-100: #e0ecf9;
  --acento-200: #c5daed;
  --acento-300: #a4c2dd;
  --acento-400: #7ea8cb;
  --acento-500: #5b8eb6;
  --acento-600: #3b7197;
  --acento-700: #2d5b7c;
  --acento-800: #1d435d;
  --acento-900: #0e2c40;
  --neutro-50: #f5f7f8;
  --neutro-100: #e9ebed;
  --neutro-200: #d4d8db;
  --neutro-300: #babfc4;
  --neutro-400: #9da4aa;
  --neutro-500: #828a91;
  --neutro-600: #697077;
  --neutro-700: #52585e;
  --neutro-800: #3c4045;
  --neutro-900: #272a2e;

  --boton: #3b7197;
  --boton-encima: #4f83aa;
  --boton-pulsado: #6b94b6;
  --boton-apagado: #33393e;
  --foco: #0173a6;

  --exito: #83b87e;
  --aviso: #cbb570;
  --error: #ea9582;
  --info: #7daef0;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
  :root {
    --fondo: #eff6fd;
    --superficie: #e0e9f3;
    --borde: #c6d3e0;
    --texto: #202429;
    --tinta: #202429;
    --texto-suave: #5d646b;
    --acento: #3b7197;
    --acento-texto: #f3f7fb;
  }
}
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19 in the dictionary

Wada's browns, one by one.

71 from the book

Wada's combinations with brown.

The other colours

And if your colour is another one.

Where they come from

We read the book.

In 1933 a Japanese painter and costume designer, Sanzō Wada, published a dictionary of colour combinations: 348 palettes meant for dyers, weavers and designers, drawn from years of working with real colour rather than a wheel. Almost a century later it still sits on the desk of many studios, ours included. We read it cover to cover, checked every value against the original and gave its 158 colours a name in Spanish.

Combinations based on Sanzō Wada's system (Haishoku Sōkan, 1933-34; Seigensha selection, 2010). Colour values are checked against that edition; the Spanish names, each combination's character and the explanations are ours.

If it is for your brand, this is what we do: custom websites that start with colour and end in code.